Comparison Between Milo Horlicks and Bornevita - 1406 Words

MILO BRANDING: Milo brand is the world’s leading chocolate malt beverage that can be prepared with hot or cold milk or water. Given its popularity it is a â€Å"must have† product for food service operators particularly in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Loved and trusted by parents and kids alike, Milo products offer essential vitamins and minerals: * calcium for strong teeth and bones * iron to carry oxygen to the body’s cells * vitamin A for healthy eye sight * vitamins B1 and B2 to help release energy from foods * Vitamin C to keep skin and gums in good shape. REF:(www.nestle.com/brands/allbrands/milo_foodservice). Origin: Milo was originally developed by Thomas Mayne in Sydney, Australia in 1934. It is marketed†¦show more content†¦Cadbury Bournvita, with the additional combination of vitamin C, iron and other essential vitamins and minerals helps multiply the power of milk. http://www.cadburybournvita.in/ Product: Cadbury India Ltd launched Cadbury Bournvita, a chocolate health drink in 1947 in India. But even before launching its new health product in the Indian market, Bournvita was one of the most loved chocolate drinks around the world. Brown because its brown in colour amp; Vita because it has lots of vitamins. Bournvita is all about. a nutritional drink which acts as a dietary supplement providing nourishment along with good taste amp; flavors. For today’s kids who detest milk in its pure state unless flavored, this is an ideal drink. It has its own unique flavor, and the taste is rich and full-bodied. So easy to prepare, just instant mix it into your milk. Even a child can manage this for himself when he is in a hurry to run off to play! Many children I have known just scoop up a spoonful of Bournvita fine granules into their mouth and crunch away happily†¦goes to prove its taste bud friendly value for kids. Ingredients: Malt extracts, sugar, cocoa powder, milk solids, liquid glucose, vitamins, Bourn Vitaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nutritional facts: 1) Gives protein. 2) Provides Vitamin A, Vitamin C amp; Vitamin B12. 3) Contains Calcium, Iron amp; Folic Acid. 4) It also provides our body with Niacin, pyridoxine, Riboflavin, amp; Thiamin which is very essential for

Genocide A Complex Item - 1569 Words

Sergio Mireles Mr. Jones Genocide Research Paper July 8, 2015 Genocide Genocide is a very complex item to address. But to deeply and successfully address such a topic, it is a must to look deeper than the actions that have been displayed. But to understand the motives of genocide, one must know the correct definition of genocide. â€Å"Genocide,† a term used to describe violence against members of a national, ethnical, racial or religious group with the intent to destroy the entire group†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (What is...). Now fully understanding what genocide is, it will be easier to understand what motivates individuals in the past, present, and future to attempt genocide. A lot of questions have been made on what the motivation is of genocide. It is actually quite simple when thought about. The most common motivations are convenience, revenge, simple fear, and fear of pollution. Although there have been many different genocides in the world, it seems as if the motives in sequential order are convenience, revenge, fear of pollution, and simple fear. T here are a large number of people who would like to say that mass genocides are okay. They would like to say that the killing of numerous amounts of people helps keep the world safe from over population and also helps keep people afraid of their superiors. Although using genocide as a solution is a very harsh choice of action, it has helped keep populations of races down, and has also shown civilians what the power of their government is. The purposeShow MoreRelatedCultural Appropriation : Disrespects Of A Minority Culture776 Words   |  4 Pagesbelonging to the culture that systematically oppressed minority cultures for years believe it is okay to take elements they enjoy from that culture and use as a costume is disgusting and should never be accepted. When members of the majority appropriate items or practices of a minority culture, these things can lose their significant meaning. One place where this takes place frequently is music festivals such as Coachella. Every year, men and women from around the world come together in a variety of eclecticRead MoreInanga: A Song of Survival in Daughter’s Rwanda1673 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, music has served as the unifying link between generations. In the documentary, Inanga: A Song of Survival in Daughter’s Rwanda, a family’s dedication to the preservation of the inanga instrument is explored against the backdrop of the Rwandan genocide. Deeply embedded in history, tradition and culture, inanga reveals the primary function of music in Africa. Though it is an instrument specific to Rwanda, it shares many similarities to variety of instruments scattered across the continent. ThisRead MoreMovie Analysis : Undertale 1248 Words   |  5 Pagesdesign, as well as one of its selling points, is its claim to be the only RPG where players don’t have to kill anyone. The â€Å"combat† is a turned-based, bullet-hell system of dodging where players are provided with four options on their turn: Fight, Act, Item, Mercy. This setup is standard RPG fare, but players are told early on that sparing monsters via Mercy is the right thing to do. Whereas most RPGs that involve monsters, demons, etc. are founded upon the notion of killing, Undertale is a direct rejectionRead Moregenetics and heredity1693 Words   |  7 Pagessynthesizing a protein Genes are aligned along chromosomes (strands of genes) and come in pairs. Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes has two strands-forming a â€Å"double helix†- held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides A gene is a portion of a chromosome andRead MoreAnalysis Of Roger Shimomura s American Infamy 1272 Words   |  6 Pagesthe acrylic that is being held on the canvas which makes every single detail very clear to see and the paint makes the canvas feel reality in a sense. This painting is a non-discursive symbol that has strong messages behind the clouds to the long, complex houses which have the same dark gray as the clouds passing its way. The subtextual aspect is planal space because it represents and creates a world of their own, which benefits of the armed guards and not the innocent people. The Medium of this paintingRead MoreA Comparison of Two Newspapers1220 Words   |  5 Pagesaudience with professional jobs are people educated in the university. Broadsheets cover political and educational news which the tabloids don’t cover up. They also cover foreign items. Broadsheets generally cover the news from all angles. The vocabulary and sentence structure are very complex. This essay will compare a broadsheet and a tabloid about Jack Straw’s decision to extradite Pinochet. The background situation to General Augusto Pinochets extradition is Read MoreThe Slavery Of The Moors1241 Words   |  5 Pagespreacher obtained his, the first slave, shows the point. The Missionary purchased a slave who should be supper with a specific end goal to have the young men life saved. Persecution in Africa is deliberate and needs no remuneration! It (servitude and genocide) proceeds disregarding the Europeans attempting to show Africans a preferred path for a few hundred years. For a few,â€Å"colonialism† had a moral reason, whether to elevate â€Å"Christianity† or to manufacture a superior world. The â€Å"English provincial authorityRead MoreThe Curse Of Imperialism And Its Effects On Indian Independence Movement1836 Words   |  8 Pagesin British-ruled India. The presence of British imperialism in India negatively affects Rukmani and other Indians by making survival even harder for them. Throughout history, imperialism can be seen destroying the economies and committing cultural genocide of the countries being imperialized for the personal gain of the imperializing country. Geopolitics played an important role in India being sought by Britain because India had natural resources, readily-available cheap labor, an abundance of rawRead MoreMotivations and Methodology of Mass Murderers Essay3492 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Mass murder is defined by the FBI as the killing of three or more people in a single event or in the same day (Petersen Farrington, 2007). Mass murderers are complex and can be examined by the many factors that regularly appear among them, such as violence precipitating events, weapon of choice, and mental illnesses. The motivations and methods for committing mass murder are easily broken down into specific groups, and through the examination of these definitions and specific casesRead MoreThe European Domination Of Native Americans3308 Words   |  14 Pagesthis, the conflict was inevitable. Before Europeans ever ventured to North America, the land had been populated by Native American nations that had their own distinct cultures and social structures. Native Americans had trade routes and established complex relationships between tribes. They were not merely heathens waiting to be civilized by the Europeans. Yet, Europeans would use those justifications to lay claim on their land. To better understand the conflict between the Europeans and the Native

Critical Reflection And Analysis Free SampleMyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Prepare an essay on Lack of confidence and knowledge in handover with other nurses which include followinf factors:The nature of the practical learning need what did you do ,Critical analysis and reflection of your practical learning need what did it consist of and Outcome of the learning need how did the learning relate to your work? Answer: INTRODUCTION The role of proper handover and communication in patient safety cannot be denied which has been reported both by research scholars and WHO. Recent reviews from different developed countrys suggest handover issues still haunts patient safety costing health care department and common mass both cost and life(Hesselink et al, 2012). The competence, confidence and knowledge of handover differ from person to person which is reflected from uneven pattern of effects of poor handover in a particular region. Handover failure can be attributed to many factors, but the most common factors which lead to failure are poor communication between nurses or professional groups and poor handover practices in between nurses during shift changes. Current real time evidence based studies suggest, a multi-disciplinary approach is required in order to establish an effective handover strategy and continuation of care within different professionals in health care industry(Chabboyer, McMurray and Walis, 2010). An effective handover protocol must encompass information passing to patients, carers to ensure their participation in decision making process. The importance of interpersonal skills and communication in nursing handover is inevitable. These two skills have also been included in nursing curriculum outcome as per ANMC code of conduct. This essay deals with a learning need which I have experienced during my clinical placement in context of handover and lack of knowledge and confidence both. The essay will be written as a first person as a reflective piece of an article. As per PREP guidelines, the essay is divided into three parts. The first part will deal with the practical learning need identified and its importance. The second part deals with its critical analysis. The third part deals with the correlation between identified practical learning need and my work. As per ANMC professional code of conduct the reflective essay will keep the name of persons confidential. The scenarios will be discussed in terms of pseudo names. In the present assignment I will be reflecting upon my first handover as a student nurse and loopholes identified as practical learning need. The reflective essay will be written as per Jhons reflective model. The rationale of using this reflective model is it motivates the practiioner's to mak e use of cues from reflection of experience and utilising it for work improvement. The advantage of such a model is provides a platform to revisit your past action and reflect in order to learn from actions compared against established research based evidences. This type of reflective model will help in carrying out a formal assessment of student nurse. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIENCE It was during my clinical placement during my last year in mental health ward. I was working at level 6, thus has to manage everything by my own with full responsibility and accountability for whatever I do. I have been assigned one patient, a 75 year old lady suffering from Alzheimer disease along with disability in moving. She was also undergoing treatment for diabetes. That day was bit busy, as I was having some issues in my ward for which I was visiting ward manager chamber. Although I was fully prepared for my shift, but I was not prepared to give handover as my shift was going to over within 15 minutes just before 1 pm. So, I rushed towards my patient and hurriedly went through bed chart. Although, I hurriedly noted down her date of birth, date of admission, age and measured vital status. But I was making silly mistakes such as not noting down the medications and interventions currently going on. I was frustrated by this and was looking very bad. My staff colleagues helped me in making the handover and the ward head nurse helped in cross checking it to see whether anything has been missed or not. She pin-pointed certain points to be written as far as current symptoms are concerned. Although, the hand over was successful, but it didnt went under my supervision. I felt bad at my inability to handle such situations. Although, my staffs consoled me and understood the situation through which I was going, but this cant be granted at the cost of patient life. FEELINGS /REFLECTION The above incident I found as a practical need although looks common, but the chances of miss-communication and error is high. So I immediately started searching for nursing journals, and articles which suggest how to go for an effective handover. I collected all recent articles from Google database and CINHAL database. I categorised them as per my need. Post categorization, I made notes of handover protocols recommended, skills required for handover and how to perform better in pressurised situation. As per the articles and journals, I noted down all those information which I need to share with my colleague who will be taking over charge from me. I also made some notes on exactly what to make her understand in which aspects. EVALUATION /INFLUENCING FACTORS But slowly, I realised it is not bad to have a note get prepared prior to handover; at the same time it seemed to be time consuming. In an environment like health care sector being a nurse, I cannot afford much time for this. Also, I was getting heavily used to it which was in real making my progress very slow. So I decided to reduce the note to such points which are of utmost importance. If something, I was forgetting I was going through patient folders and noting it down during handover. I took it as a lead, and once gave a handover without any note. I followed patient file as a guide. Although, I was very nervous due to the amount of accountability but it gave me an immense pleasure as well as confidence to go for my next handover without any note preparation. Also, my self-consciousness was bit low after that incident, but with such a practice it was improved a lot and my communication skills are also enhanced with my colleagues. No more I felt low in self-esteem, due to my inabi lity. ANALYSIS/COULD I HAVE DEALT IT IN A BETTER WAY Nursing handover is defined as oral communication with the person who is taking charge in context of patient health status and interventions. Although, many scholars argue for a written context also, still the most accepted one is the oral communication. The central theme of any handover is the patient safety which has been supported constantly by scholars from years. The reflective model proposer Jhon has also defined handover as an aesthetic value added by a nurse by briefing colleague about patient health(Jhon, 2013). In my situation, I was going very theoretically rather I will rate myself as a classroom student. I was trying to remember in a mechanical way, about patient information as if it is in my course curriculum. I felt happy that my colleagues helped me to make that hand over successful, at the same time I was feeling very embarrassed. Being a nurse working at level 6 I was supposed to do it I rather guide others. I was thinking what others will be thinking about me, that I am incapable of handling such a small incident and what I will be doing in pressurized situation. It clearly indicated two things, firstly I was lacking the required knowledge for a successful handover secondly, I was deeply lacking in knowledge. Research suggests, when student nurse are placed in clinical situation they tend to face issues due to lack of practical knowledge and anxiety developed due to self-consciousness(Mellinclavage, 2011). I think this was the major reason of my failure. Research articles indicated observation can help in improving the handover skills(Gordon and Findley, 2011). Whatever knowledge I have accumulated with regard to handover, it was through observing my seniors and staff colleagues. But, currently the Australian curriculum has included different skills and requirements to make a student eligible and get ready for clinical placement. I was lacking in knowledge of handover which should not have occurred if I would have given proper attention towar ds my curriculum(Wilson, 2011). Although, research suggest there is a huge gap between theory and practical in context of nursing where students fail to implement theoretical knowledge in a practical situation. I assume this is one of the factors which also led to such an incident. While searching internet database, I got OSSIE guidelines for clinical handover published by Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in healthcare (2010) (Manser and Foster, 2011). It was a wonderful guideline, which has not only explained how a handover process should be, but also has different sections on how handover guidelines developed based upon evidence based studies. I felt bad for not searching for this type of literature during my studies, which I think would have helped me to face such situation. The strategy I followed has also been proposed by certain scholars and to my surprise, contemporary studies strongly recommend such handover practice. Research suggest written handover can act as helping guide for those nurses and other allied staffs who have been managed service and less knowledge about the settings(Welsh, Flanagan, Ebright, 2010). At the same time, it reduces the time of reporting. With this knowledge, I continued my job and continued handovers in my ward. I was happy, that my approach towards handover in a written format was not odd and research has shown its advantages too. The staff colleagues gave me good support and said they also have faced same issues during their student time. This gave me good amount of self-confidence that I can also attain such expertise only by improving my knowledge and implicating it in my routine practice. LEARNING With regard to personal learning experience, it was a valuable learning experience. As far as pre-registered student nurse is concerned they are not expected to know everything of a clinical situation. I am happy, that I have identified my practical need much ahead of my final placement as a registered nurse. If this incident would have occurred during my professional career, it would have affected me much from professional as well as personal point of view. I was strongly supported by colleagues, mentor and my friends also. This was another factor which helped me in overcoming fear, anxiety and developed my skills. Research shows support of senior staffs enhances the handover skills and only through their support the newly registered nurse can gain knowledge and perform better (Kerr et al, 2011). Another important factor which will help students like me to develop expected nursing skills is effective communication. Communicating with staff nurses with regard to your problems can help in solving those problems with ease(Jones and Burgeois, 2010). As I saw, regularly working with other staff nurse and asking doubts slowly reduced my dependency upon notes. Bi-directional communication has also been suggested as a tool for development of nursing skills(Drach and Shilman, 2015). The failure in carrying out a handover resulted in valuable feedback from my team and my staff nurses. Research suggests, when student nurses are given valuable feedback on their work in a positive way, the chances of error reduces. Feedback also helps student nurses to assess their knowledge and skills, improvise upon their loopholes and march towards perfection (Henderson et al, 2012). Similarly, during my handover I was so disturbed I have uttered patient name and age in a loud voice to my staff nurse, which I was not supposed to which breached patient confidentiality. This should have been done by bed side where I would have explained the same issue with much ease without disturbing others. CONCLUSION In over all, this was a great learning experience and important too. Nursing handovers are an important part of nursing and health care industry as it deals with patient safety. To have a good clinical handover skill, one need to understand the importance of handover as well as how handover process should be done. It is not feasible to perform effective handovers by theoretical knowledge. Together with practical knowledge, supports from senior staffs, and from administration of setting a good handover protocol can be developed which will help new comers. REFERENCES Chaboyer, W., McMurray, A., Wallis, M. (2010). Bedside nursing handover: a case study.International Journal of Nursing Practice,16(1), 27-34. Drach Zahavy, A., Shilman, O. (2015). Patients' participation during a nursing handover: the role of handover characteristics and patients' personal traits.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 136-147. Gordon, M., Findley, R. (2011). Educational interventions to improve handover in health care: a systematic review.Medical education,45(11), 1081-1089. Henderson, A., Cooke, M., Creedy, D. K., Walker, R. (2012). Nursing students' perceptions of learning in practice environments: A review.Nurse education today,32(3), 299-302. Hesselink, G., Schoonhoven, L., Barach, P., Spijker, A., Gademan, P., Kalkman, C., ... Wollersheim, H. (2012). Improving patient handovers from hospital to primary CareA systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,157(6), 417-428. Johns, C. (2013).Becoming a reflective practitioner. John Wiley Sons. Kerr, D., Lu, S., McKinlay, L., Fuller, C. (2011). Examination of current handover practice: evidence to support changing the ritual.International journal of nursing practice,17(4), 342-350. Levett-Jones, T., Bourgeois, S. (2010).The clinical placement: An essential guide for nursing students. Elsevier Health Sciences. Manser, T., Foster, S. (2011). Effective handover communication: an overview of research and improvement efforts.Best practice research Clinical anaesthesiology,25(2), 181-191. Melincavage, S. M. (2011). Student nurses' experiences of anxiety in the clinical setting.Nurse education today,31(8), 785-789. Welsh, C. A., Flanagan, M. E., Ebright, P. (2010). Barriers and facilitators to nursing handoffs: Recommendations for redesign.Nursing outlook,58(3), 148-154. Wilson, R. (2011). Improving clinical handover in emergency departments: Ron Wilson reviews findings from an audit of a simplified handover process that can involve patients and their families in discussions about care.Emergency Nurse,19(1), 22-26.

The Last Night that She Lived Essay Example

The Last Night that She Lived Paper Emily Dickinson The Last Night She Lived The speakers attitude towards the womans death can be divided into two sections in The Last Night that She Lived by Emily Dickinson. In the beginning (lines 1-20), the reader sees the speaker feeling pain and being aware of the womans death. In lines 21- 28 the speaker shows feelings of guilt but also respect. The use of metaphors, similes, caesuras, oxymoron, repetition, and syntax all lead to the overall tone for this poem: despair. A prominent topic throughout the poem Is the inevitability of the womans death. Lines 2-4 are a good representation of this. Words such as common and nature in lines 2 and 4 let the reader know that the speaker understands the death is inevitable and it is all just a part of life. Repetition throughout the poem shows the commonness of death and also the despair they feel over it. Line 5 begins the repetition with we noticed. Each repetition found throughout the poem is the pronoun we followed by a verb such as we went (line 9), we waited (line 17), and we placed (line 25). The repetition helps to build on the authors idea of death being common. The oxymoron In the poem makes the reader think about the harsh time the speaker Is going through. Oxymoron also builds on the Idea of inevitability or commonness. The oxymoron found In line 7 describes death. The speaker relates death too great light. Death Is dark and gloomy Instead of being a light. This interprets that the darkness of death can still bring peace to the one dying. The second oxymoron in line 16 is nearly infinite. When something is infinite it means it goes on forever. Putting the word nearly in front of that contradicts the use of infinite. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Night that She Lived specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Night that She Lived specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Night that She Lived specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The use of this oxymoron shows the reader how slowly time seemed to be going for the speaker. The speaker is also aware that the womans time of death is near. In line 5 the speaker mentions that the people notice things that were in the past. Everything begins to seem a little more precious than it used to. The speaker can only stand idly waiting on the woman to die. Because of this, everything around the speaker seems to stand still. Little things are brought to light while waiting on the inevitable to happen due to heightened senses. The speakers guilt begins In line 11. The speaker realizes that everyone else will still be alive the following day, but the woman dying will have already passed. In line 15 the speaker uses the term Jealousy foe instead of jealousy of. This goes along with the attitude of guilt. Instead of being jealous and wanting to be in the womans place, the speaker wants to be with the woman as she goes through this. The speaker feels guilt that the woman dying is going through this alone. The speaker used the metaphor It was a narrow time in nine 18 to explain how the time they had with the woman was slipping away. The metaphor reiterates how quickly the time passed while waiting on the inevitable. The speakers pain in line 19 lets the reader know that the womans time to pass is closer than ever. The speaker states that their souls were too Jostled to speak. Even though the speaker knew this time was coming, it did not make the passing any easier at that moment. The death was common, but It was also a painful time to let go. The period In line 20 Is the speakers way of Identifying when the blur stopped. It shows that the death Is even closer now than It was In the beginning of the poem. The notice the speaker mentions in that line is the death. The woman dying also represent this. The woman did not fight the death, but instead, she went lightly as a reed. This shows that the woman went peacefully. The speaker shows a great deal of respect for the woman in the final stanza. Even though the woman has died, the speaker wants to put her head into place and fix her hair. The speaker does not leave her side even after her life has passed. Lines 27 and 28 show that even though the death was common, the speaker still must come to terms with all the emotions. The speaker uses another oxymoron in line 27. The awful leisure represents the speakers sadness about having to move on, but shows that the hectic time is now over. Leisure usually means that a person is at peace and rest while having a nice time. This leisure proves to be darker than normal. This allows everyone to comprehend what has happened. Line 28 states that life will soon regulate for the speaker once the emotions have calmed down.

Free Essays on Leibniz And Spinozas Metaphysics Applied To Baseball

First we will consider the assigned baseball scenario under Leibniz’s system of metaphysics. In the baseball scenario, the aggregate of the player, bat, pitch, swing and all the other substances in the universe are one and all contingent. There are other possible things, to be sure; but there are also other possible universes that could have existed but did not. The totality of contingent things, the bat, the player, etc., themselves do not explain themselves. Here Leibniz involves the principle of reason; â€Å"there can be found no fact that is true or existent, or any true proposition, without there being a sufficient reason for its being so and not otherwise.† There must be, Leibniz insists, something outside the totality of contingent things (baseball games) which explains them, something which is itself necessary and therefore requires no explanation other than itself. This forms Leibniz’s proof for the existence of God; a version of Aquinas’s cosmological arguments. God, then, is the necessary being which constitutes the explanation of contingent being, why the universe is this way rather than any other. Not only is God the explanation of the baseball scenario but he is also the source of the intelligibility of such concepts as bat, swing and pitch. Leibniz goes further to prove the omniscience of God. If God is the explanation of the intelligibility of the universe, then God must have ‘access’ to that intelligibility, such that God could be said to know what it is that being allowed to exist-that is, God must have the ability to grasp complete concepts. Not only does God constitute the contingent baseball game but he also knows what will take place before it happens. The pitch, swing and hit all take place not because God creates them but because he allows them. There is only one constraint on what God allows to happen, it must not violate Leibniz’s other basic principle-non-contradiction. God cou... Free Essays on Leibniz And Spinoza's Metaphysics Applied To Baseball Free Essays on Leibniz And Spinoza's Metaphysics Applied To Baseball First we will consider the assigned baseball scenario under Leibniz’s system of metaphysics. In the baseball scenario, the aggregate of the player, bat, pitch, swing and all the other substances in the universe are one and all contingent. There are other possible things, to be sure; but there are also other possible universes that could have existed but did not. The totality of contingent things, the bat, the player, etc., themselves do not explain themselves. Here Leibniz involves the principle of reason; â€Å"there can be found no fact that is true or existent, or any true proposition, without there being a sufficient reason for its being so and not otherwise.† There must be, Leibniz insists, something outside the totality of contingent things (baseball games) which explains them, something which is itself necessary and therefore requires no explanation other than itself. This forms Leibniz’s proof for the existence of God; a version of Aquinas’s cosmological arguments. God, then, is the necessary being which constitutes the explanation of contingent being, why the universe is this way rather than any other. Not only is God the explanation of the baseball scenario but he is also the source of the intelligibility of such concepts as bat, swing and pitch. Leibniz goes further to prove the omniscience of God. If God is the explanation of the intelligibility of the universe, then God must have ‘access’ to that intelligibility, such that God could be said to know what it is that being allowed to exist-that is, God must have the ability to grasp complete concepts. Not only does God constitute the contingent baseball game but he also knows what will take place before it happens. The pitch, swing and hit all take place not because God creates them but because he allows them. There is only one constraint on what God allows to happen, it must not violate Leibniz’s other basic principle-non-contradiction. God cou...

Formula for Ammonium Hydroxide

Formula for Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide is the name given to any aqueous (water-based) solution of ammonia. In pure form, it is a clear liquid that smells strongly of ammonia. Household ammonia usually is 5-10% ammonium hydroxide solution. Other names for ammonium hydroxide are: Ammonia (e.g., household ammonia) [versus anhydrous ammonia]Aqueous ammoniaAmmonia solutionAmmonia waterAmmonia liquorAmmonical liquorSpirit of Hartshorn Chemical Formula of Ammonium Hydroxide The chemical formula of ammonium hydroxide is  NH4OH, but in practice, ammonia deprotonates some of the water, so the species found in solution are a combination of NH3,  NH4,, and OH− in water. Ammonium Hydroxide Uses Household ammonia, which is ammonium hydroxide, is a common cleaner. Its also used as a disinfectant, food leavening agent, to treat straw for cattle feed, to enhance tobacco flavor, to cycle an aquarium without fish, and as a chemical precursor for hexamethylenetetramine and ethylenediamine. In the chemistry lab, it is used for qualitative inorganic analysis and to dissolve silver oxide. Concentration of Saturated Solution Its important for chemists to realize the concentration of a saturated ammonium hydroxide solution decreases as temperature increases. If a saturated solution of ammonium hydroxide is prepared at a cool temperature and the sealed container is heated, the concentration of the solution decreases and ammonia gas can build up in the container, potentially leading it to rupture. At a minimum, unsealing the warm container releases toxic ammonia vapors. Safety Ammonia in any form is toxic, whether it is inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested. Like most other bases, its also corrosive, which means it can burn skin or damage mucous membranes, such as eyes and the nasal cavity. Its also important to refrain from mixing ammonia with other household chemicals because they may react to release additional toxic fumes.

Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper Essay

Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper - Essay Example This impairs their quality of life by decreasing their subjective health and increasing depressive symptoms. Loneliness among widows could lead to cognitive decline and increased need to use health services available to them. This paper applies criteria in selecting a vulnerable population, studying the population’s demographics and reflecting on personal attitudes and values towards that population. There are over 13.7 million widowed individuals in the United States, with over 11 million of this number being women (Jenkins, 2009). Female survivors have outdistanced the men by an increasingly widening margin with women now representative of eighty percent of the population of widows in the US. In 1940, there were approximately twice as many widows as there were widowers, with this ratio climbing to 4:1 and expected to continue rising in the future. Several factors can explain this disparity between the two sexes. First, women have a longer lifespan compared to men with women living into their advanced years more than men do. Second, most men will marry women who are younger than they are, which increases their probability of outliving their spouse. Thirdly, widowers tend to remarry more than their female counterparts do; therefore, men tend to leave widowhood more than women do. 65% of women aged 65 and above are widowed, which reflects their greater life expectancy (Jenkins, 2009). Widows also undergo longer periods of grieving accompanied by feelings of guilt and retrospection of a past relationship mistakes. Before the demographic research, my view of widows was one of grief and loneliness. It seemed me that they were, in too much grief, to reconsider marriage due to their attachment to their late husbands or even out of respect to their children and the memories that they held of their late father. It also seemed that widows complained all the time, especially when in public. This was especially so with elderly widows who came to social meets by the mselves. I thought that they had no more reason to complain than widowers did, some of whom I knew personally to be very affable characters. However, after this demographic study, it is now clear that widows have very limited chances of remarrying. Despite their loneliness and want for companionship, by the time they get to 65, there are very few men available for re-marriage. The emotional loneliness that they experience is a subjective response to lack of intimate and close attachment. When they lose their husband, who was an intimate attachment, their identity becomes impaired since they have no one to foster a feeling of security, which leaves them in a state of isolation and aloneness. The demographic study also brought me closer to their social isolation. Whereas I thought they were socially isolated because of unending grief, it became clear that this was caused by lack of a social networks, or even dissatisfaction with their present social network. A lack of social integrati on makes them feel that they do not have friends. Social researchers feel that social isolation is can be measured by contacts and integration the widow has with the surrounding social environment (Owen, 2009). Healthcare professionals are in good positions of helping the elderly women suffering from loneliness, which in turn, leads to suffering from health problems. However,

Perception of the power of language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perception of the power of language - Essay Example The power of language therefore depends on an individual’s perception which encompasses a collaboration of values, beliefs and experiences that person has encountered in one’s life. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer one’s personal perception of the power of language. By initially providing a definition of the term language, one would eventually delve into the role that language played in life. UniXL, an education and career information portal, defines language as â€Å"a system of communicating with other people using sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought. This language can be used in many forms, primarily through oral and written communications as well as using expressions through body language† (UniXL, par. 2). When differentiated with communication, per se, tool of verbal communication using words to express the message being relayed. Communication, per se, is defined as â€Å"â€Å"process of transmitting thoughts, feelings, facts, and other information† through verbal or non-verbal means (Delaune and Ladner. 475). Verbal messages are messages communicated with the use of words and language. These messages can either be spoken or written. Non verbal communication, on the other hand, is the process of transmitting messages without words, that is, through body language (Delaune and Ladner, 480). Mead (1934) averred that â€Å"language makes it possible to replace behavior with ideas. Non verbal communication in conjunction with social interaction assisted in the development of the human potentials of language† (87). Language for me has been recognized as a crucial tool to facilitate understanding. Aside from one’s native tongue, it has been inculcated that English, as the international language understood by majority of people around the world, should be embraced as a second language where skills must be honed, both in communication and in writing. Teachers in primary

The important moment in the novel Lord of the flies Essay Example for Free

The important moment in the novel Lord of the flies Essay Lord of the flies focuses mainly on the corruption and inherent evil of humanity. Ralph, Jack and Simon are, in some ways, stereotypes of different aspects of human nature. Ralph is the obvious candidate for chief of the island, as he is of just nature and a commanding presence. We are also told that there was a stillness about Ralph that encourages the boys to elect him as their chief. Jack represents the darker side of humanity. Jack is not long in severing any links with civilisation. He heeds his savage, pre-historic instincts, and becomes dog-likeon all foursnose only a few inches from the humid earth. He is like an animal, his sole desire being to kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood. He enjoys the act of killing, announcing proudly that he had a smashing timeI cut the pigs throat. He laughingly adds that there was lashings of blood every whereyou should have seen it! His darker side gradually influences Ralph, who grows jealous of Jacks popularity and is envious of the fact that Jack is able to provide meat for the boys, while, he, as chief, cannot. The book reaches a turning point at the next, improvised, hunt of the boar. What started as a harmless exploration for the beast becomes a bloodthirsty chase of the boar. Ralph is delighted when he hits the boar and the spear stuck in a bit and he decides that hunting was good after all. Things take a more sinister turn when the boys decide to re-enact the hunt. After the first, successful hunt in which Jack kills the pig, the hunters replay events by forming a ring, Maurice pretended to be the pig and ran squealing into the centre, and the hunterspretended to beat him. This is harmless game, during which the hunters dance around the pig, singing their hunting chant of Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in. The corruption of purity and goodness is seen when the boys play the same game after their next (failed) hunt. This time Robert is the squealing pig, trapped in the centre of circle, the hunters circling him, singing their warrior chant. The game soon ceases to playful, as Roberts mock terror turns to pain. The others are seized with a desire to Kill him! Kill him! uncaring of the fact that Robert is human, one of them, and not a pig. Robert was screaming and struggling, yet he ceases to become a person and is now merely an object by which their thirst to kill might be quenched. Jack was brandishing his knifeRalph was fightingto get a handful of that brown, vulnerable fleshthe desireto hurt was over-mastering, Golding causes this to be important incident in the novel, the beginnings of a full realisation of Simons belief that maybe there is a beastmaybe its only us, is not a comment to be jeered at, for it is a frightening comprehension of reality. Robert escapes with a few, physical injuries, crying out, in an effort to lighten to the situation Oh, my bum! Ralph tries to convince that it was just a game, like rugger. This uneasiness is justified when the boys discuss methods of improving their game. Robert believes that they want a real pigbecause youve got to kill him. Jack, not altogether jokingly, suggests that they should Use a littlun. This suggestion is made more disturbing by the reaction of the other boys, for instead of being horrified, everybody laughed. Goldings brief ending to the passage leaves us disgusted by the callousness of Jacks remark and of his flippant attitude to the murder of a fellow human being, but it is worryingly representative of the callousness humankind. Jacks joke warns us of the increase of evil on the island, for the idea of using a littlun, may soon stop being an idea and become a reality. The passage is disturbing because we see that the boys lust for blood and death is indiscriminate of whether their victim is an animal or human. Killing is not a means of providing food for the boys; it is a way of satisfying their longing to cause pain and destruction. They are desperate to kill, a mere pig is not enough, they are not worth the trouble of a hunt, and their next victim shall be a human, for it will increase the enjoyment of their game. The boys do not care for the adventure of the hunt. They want only the exhilaration of killing, the sight of the blood and the joy of controlling the existence of another being. In order for a pig to be killed, it must first be found. The hassle of a search can be avoided by substituting the pig with a human. It is almost inevitable that the boys gratify their lust with human blood, perhaps with the blood of a littlun. The game is a horrifying example of how evil humanity can be. The dark side of human nature thinks nothing of killing a friend. We are shocked by Ralphs longing to cause pain, Jacks desire to stab Robert with his knife and Roger fighting to get close. But the thing that frightens us the most is the fact that this is not a figment of Goldings imagination, Ralph, Jack and the other islanders are not irrelevant fiction, for human kind is capable of great evil. I feel that the passage in the book is disturbing because it shows us how horrifyingly able we are to be unfeeling and cruel.

American Identity Essay -- History Indians Historical Essays

American Identity Works Cited Not Included American identity has been created by many events throughout the course of history. This country was founded on the clashing and mixing of many different cultures and lifestyles. One of the most important periods of time for this country was during the period of conflict between Americans and Native Americans over land rights. Americans had an idea of manifest destiny and that this land was theirs for the taking. The Americans were going to walk through anyone who opposed them in this quest for land. The treatment of the Indians during this time period was harsh, cruel, and violent to say the least. It is in this treatment that Americans came to view the Indians as a ?racialized other? and where race began to matter. This early thinking is what created our American identity which is based on race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early settling of this country, when the English first encountered the Indians they viewed them as uncivilized beasts. ?The first English colonizers in the New World found that the Indians reminded them of the Irish? (Takaki, 28). To the English the Irish represented a lower and uncivilized class of people, a group that the English considered to be beneath them. This association was the beginning of creating an ?Indian Race.? The Indians were different then Irish in they had a reddish tint to their skin. This was important because this lead further to their separation by their color. The Indians were further looked at as...

Education and Martin Luther King

Education is a fundamental way of life. A means to learn something new, the intention is to mentally, physically, and emotionally benefit the person by putting them in a better place than they were previously in before. This is an example of what my dad said â€Å"If could, if I had the power to change something. It would be education, the fundamental base in everyone’s life. † Education is something that leads us to reach our goals and to be successful in life. So primary, we need education to be successful. Education includes moral values, and much more.But nowadays the meaning of education is misunderstood by people. Without education nothing is Achieve. Education is very important in every human life. Some people are not to be educated but they intense is too reached their goals, in my view education means which lead us to our destiny. If you think about Education, it gives us a basic knowledge about our surroundings. It is the first step that helps begin our journe y to reach success. We can reach success without education but we have to work hard or try till we reach our goal or success.Education is not only the way for us to reach our success, but it's just a step to reach knowledge. Education is must for every person on today's life education has become a basic need of every one's life it is a key to success. Education is the key to all we need in life without education and knowledge no one can be successful. Education is necessary for success. Martin Luther King Jr, wrote that‘’ Education should equip them with the proper instruments of exploitation so they can forever trample over the masses’’, meaning that education will give us the things necessary to overcome all obstacles in our life.The need for Education encourages us to be successful. Educations are what leads a human to being successful, and make an improvement in life. Malcolm X provides an argument which states that education is important no matter whe re it is received. Education helps us to understand ourselves better also it helps us to learn about our strengths and weaknesses. Omar Bradley wrote that â€Å"education makes people easy to lead but difficult to drive, easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.’’How can it that someone can be taught something and they grasp the whole concept of it, they understand it fully and still they don’t use it in their life as if the things they were taught meant nothing to them† A fundamental desire of parents is for their children to have a better education. Every parent dreams for their children to be successful in life and that all starts with education, our parents know the true meaning of work, they don’t want us to go through the struggles they went through to be where they are now.They instruct us to do the best in school from pre-k to college because they know it will help us in the long run. They inspire us to do better not only for our futures b ut also our kid’s future. Education gives us a lot of opportunities, not only for us but people around me and our futures children. Education is something that we need in life, something that we need to do so we can become successful in life, education gives us opportunities like jobs, and it gives us a better life. Without education our world would not continue to expand and evolve. Education and Martin Luther King Education is a fundamental way of life. A means to learn something new, the intention is to mentally, physically, and emotionally benefit the person by putting them in a better place than they were previously in before. This is an example of what my dad said â€Å"If could, if I had the power to change something. It would be education, the fundamental base in everyone’s life. † Education is something that leads us to reach our goals and to be successful in life. So primary, we need education to be successful. Education includes moral values, and much more.But nowadays the meaning of education is misunderstood by people. Without education nothing is Achieve. Education is very important in every human life. Some people are not to be educated but they intense is too reached their goals, in my view education means which lead us to our destiny. If you think about Education, it gives us a basic knowledge about our surroundings. It is the first step that helps begin our journe y to reach success. We can reach success without education but we have to work hard or try till we reach our goal or success.Education is not only the way for us to reach our success, but it's just a step to reach knowledge. Education is must for every person on today's life education has become a basic need of every one's life it is a key to success. Education is the key to all we need in life without education and knowledge no one can be successful. Education is necessary for success. Martin Luther King Jr, wrote that‘’ Education should equip them with the proper instruments of exploitation so they can forever trample over the masses’’, meaning that education will give us the things necessary to overcome all obstacles in our life.The need for Education encourages us to be successful. Educations are what leads a human to being successful, and make an improvement in life. Malcolm X provides an argument which states that education is important no matter whe re it is received. Education helps us to understand ourselves better also it helps us to learn about our strengths and weaknesses. Omar Bradley wrote that â€Å"education makes people easy to lead but difficult to drive, easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.’’How can it that someone can be taught something and they grasp the whole concept of it, they understand it fully and still they don’t use it in their life as if the things they were taught meant nothing to them† A fundamental desire of parents is for their children to have a better education. Every parent dreams for their children to be successful in life and that all starts with education, our parents know the true meaning of work, they don’t want us to go through the struggles they went through to be where they are now.They instruct us to do the best in school from pre-k to college because they know it will help us in the long run. They inspire us to do better not only for our futures b ut also our kid’s future. Education gives us a lot of opportunities, not only for us but people around me and our futures children. Education is something that we need in life, something that we need to do so we can become successful in life, education gives us opportunities like jobs, and it gives us a better life. Without education our world would not continue to expand and evolve.

Decisions Essay

Decisions in 2006 regarding discrimination in the workplace centered largely on a theme of time and evidence. The court regularly held that the evidence of discrimination must be clear and that the legal action must be filed in a timely manner. The idea that a person can have been the victim of discrimination for years and have taken no action was dismissed as untimely. A case alleging racial discrimination was held to have insufficient proof of intent and in another case the court held that a union suing an employer for prejudicial hiring practices also did not submit sufficient proof. Finally, the court held that when an employer takes discriminatory action it does not have to be within the confines of the workplace to be discriminatory. First, in a case against Good Year Tire and Rubber Company, the plaintiff claimed that in her 18 years with Good Year, she had routinely been paid a smaller wage than her male counterparts. A local jury awarded her damages based on a series of wage-related decisions going back 19 years. However, the 11th Circuit Court held that the plaintiff’s lawsuit was untimely in that her complaint was not based on actions taken in the last 180 days according to the summation of Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber, 421 F. 3d 1169 (11th Cir 08/23/2005) (Runkel, 2007. The court did not rule on the merit of the case, but held that the statute restricts the time frame in which the alleged discrimination was to have occurred (Runkel, 2007). The plaintiff has appealed the decision to the U.  S. Supreme Court and in May, 2007, Justice Samuel Alito writing for the court, affirmed the lower court’s ruling â€Å"Ledbetter v. Good Year†, 2007). Next, in case versus Tyson Foods the court held that use of the term â€Å"boy† is not enough proof of racial animus to sustain a ruling alleging discrimination, but reverse a portion of the lower court’s ruling which had claimed that a racial descriptor was required to accompany the word to prove animus. In Ash v. Tyson Foods, 126 S. Ct. 195 (02/21/2006), the court wrote, â€Å"†Although it is true the disputed word will not always be evidence of racial animus, it does not follow that the term, standing alone, is always benign. The speaker’s meaning may depend on various factors including context, inflection, tone of voice, local custom, and historical usage. Insofar as the Court of Appeals held that modifiers or qualifications are necessary in all instances to render the disputed term probative of bias, the court’s decision is erroneous. (Runkel, 2007). That means the court needs more information that just a word to determine discrimination. The court ruling says that to prove discrimination, the plaintiff must show more than just a misjudgment by the hiring authority of perceived qualifications. It must show that ‘disparities of qualifications must be or such weight and significance† that a reasonable person could not have made the hiring decision which was made (â€Å"Ash v. Tyson, 2006). This decision dovetails with the court’s decision in IBEW v.  Mississippi Power & Light, 442 F. 3d 313 (5th Cir 03/02/2006). The union had argues that the employer’s standard for employment was discriminatory in that the cut-off point on the standardized tests was inherently discriminatory. The court did not dispute the merit of the claim, but ruled that the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff and that the union had failed to prove that there was another way that the employer could adequately determine employment eligibility. (Runkel, 2007) Finally, the court held that when an employer is accused of retaliatory action, it does not have to be limited to the confines of the work environment. In Burlington Northern v. White, 126 S. Ct. 2405 (06/22/2006), the court upheld the defendant’s claim that her employer had retaliated against her by moving her from one position to another and by initially trying to suspend her without pay, requiring that she file a grievance through the union to receive reinstatement and her back pay. The court held, â€Å"We conclude that the anti-retaliation provision does not confine the actions and harms it forbids to those that are related to employment or occur at the workplace. We also conclude that the provision covers those (and only those) employer actions that would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee or job applicant. In the present context that means that the employer’s actions must be harmful to the point that they could well dissuade a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination. (Runkel, 2007). The court further held that retaliatory practices do not have to include financial loss to be actionable. (Runkel, 2007) The overwhelming effect of these court ruling on future graduates is a trend within employment law toward the defense of the employer. These cases tend to indicate that the court has placed the entire burden of proof on the employee when it comes to discrimination cases and expects that the employee can make a clear case for their claim, rather than relying on vague innuendoes, such as in the Tyson case. For employees, this can be a difficult precedence in that other employees are unlikely to back a person’s claim regarding workplace discrimination especially when they would then have such stringent requirements in proving their own retaliation case. This is also likely to have a chilling effect on employees who feel they are being mistreated because of the burden of proof. The reality is that for any African-American man, the mere use of the word boy is inflammatory, especially in the south. Though the word was not accompanied by any racial descriptor, the court held that intonation and other context can be used to determine the word’s intent. For an African-American in the South, that is the context and proving what his supervisor was thinking places too great a burden on the plaintiff. The Tyson case in particular makes it difficult for a person who is the victim of subtle racism to prove it and the Ledbetter cases reiterates that the person must deal with any perceived discrimination within 6 months of its occurrence, compounding the difficulty in proving a case.

How to Speak English

How to Speak English Most English learning boils down to the question of how to speak English. There are other goals as well, but learning how to speak English will help you communicate with others, and lead to better test scores on the TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, Cambridge and other exams. In order to know how to speak English, you need to have a plan. This guide on how to speak English provides an outline that you can follow to learn to speak English. If you already speak English, this guide will help you more quickly improve your English speaking skills. Difficulty Average Time Required From Six Months to Three Years Heres How Discover Which Type Of English Learner You Are When learning how to speak English you first need to find out what type of English learner you are. Ask yourself questions such as Why do I want to speak English? Do I need to speak English for my job? Do I want to speak English for travel and hobbies, or do I have something more serious in mind? Here is an excellent worksheet What Type of English Learner? to help you find out. Understand Your Goals Once you know what type of English learner you are, you can begin to better understand your goals. Once you know your goals, youll better understand what you need to do to speak English well. This is similar to understanding what type learner you are. Write down a list of the things you would like to do with your English. Would you like to speak English fluently in two years? Would you like to have enough English to travel and order food in a restaurant? Understanding exactly what you want to do with English will help you learn how to speak English because you will work towards your goals. Find Out Your Level Before you begin to learn how to speak English, youll need to know where to begin. Taking a level test can help you understand what level you are at and then you can start using resources appropriate for your level in order to learn how to speak English well. Of course, youll not only learn how to speak English, but also how to read, write and use English in a variety of settings. These quizzes will help you find your level. Start with the beginning level test and then move on. Stop when you get less than 60% and begin at that level. Beginning TestIntermediate TestAdvanced Test Decide On Learning Strategy Now that you understand your English learning goals, style and level its time to decide on an English learning strategy. The simple answer to the question of how to speak English is that you need to speak it as often as possible. Of course, its more difficult than that. Start off by deciding which type of learning strategy you will take. Do you want to study alone? Do you want to take a class? How much time do you have to dedicate to English study? How much are you willing to pay to learn to speak English? Answer these questions and you will understand your strategy. Put Together A Plan For Learning Grammar If you want to know how to speak English, youll also have to know how to use English grammar. Here are my five top tips on how to speak English with good grammar. Learn grammar from context. Do exercises that have you identify tenses and from within a short reading or listening selection. When learning how to speak English you need to use your muscles. Read your grammar exercises aloud which will help you learn to use correct grammar when speaking. Dont do too much grammar! Understanding grammar doesnt mean you speak. Balance grammar with other English learning tasks. Do ten minutes of grammar each day. Its better to only do a little every day than a lot once a week. Use self-study resources at this site. There are lots of grammar resources you can use here on the site to help you improve. Put Together A Plan For Learning Speaking Skills If you want to know how to speak English, youll have to have a plan for speaking English every day. Here are my top five tips to make sure you speak - not just study - English every day. Do all exercises using your voice. Grammar exercises, reading exercises, everything should be read aloud. Speak to yourself. Dont worry about someone hearing you. Speak out loud in English to yourself often. Choose a topic each day and speak for one minute about that topic. Use online exercises and speak in English using Skype or other programs. Heres some practice English speaking sheets to get you started. Make lots of mistakes! Dont worry about mistakes, make many and make them often. Put Together A Plan For Learning Vocabulary To make sure you know how to speak English about a wide range of topics youll need plenty of vocabulary. Here are some suggestions and resources to get you started. Make vocabulary trees. Vocabulary trees and other fun exercises can help you group vocabulary together for faster learning. Keep track of new vocabulary youve learned in a folder. Use visual dictionaries to help you learn more vocabulary faster. Choose to learn vocabulary about subjects you like. Theres no need to study vocabulary that doesnt interest you. Study a little bit of vocabulary every day. Try to learn just two or three new words / expressions every day. Put Together A Plan For Learning Reading / Writing If you want to learn how to speak English, you may not be too concerned with reading and writing. Still, its a good idea to learn how to read and write in English, as well as learn how to speak English. Remember to use your own native language reading skills. You dont need to understand every single word. Practice writing short texts on blogs or for comments at popular English learning web sites. People expect errors at these sites and youll feel very welcome. Read for pleasure in English. Choose a subject you like and read about it. Dont translate directly from your own language when writing. Keep it simple. Put Together A Plan For Learning Pronunciation Learning how to speak English also means learning how to pronounce English. Learn about the music of English and how it can help with English pronunciation skills. Find out about typical pronunciation mistakes people speaking your native tongue make. Consider using a pronunciation program to help you learn better pronunciation through practice. Get a dictionary that has good phonetic transcriptions to help you understand the sounds of English. Use your mouth! Speak out loud every day the more you practice the better your pronunciation will become. Create Opportunities To Speak English Using English as often as possible is the key to learning how to speak English well. Join English learning communities online to practice speaking English with others using video chatting software. Join local clubs that focus on speaking English, speak to tourists and give them a helping hand. If you have friends who are learning to speak English, set aside 30 minutes every day to speak English together. Be creative and create as many opportunities as possible to speak English. Tips Be patient with yourself. It takes a while to learn how to speak English well. Remember to give yourself time and treat yourself well.Do everything everyday, but only do ten to fifteen minutes of the more boring tasks. If you want to improve listening skills, just listen to the radio fifteen minutes rather than an hour. Do ten minutes of grammar exercises. Never do too much English. Its better to do just a little bit every day rather than a lot only twice a week.Make mistakes, make more mistakes and continue to make mistakes. The only way you will learn is by making mistakes, feel free to make them and make them often.Learn how to speak English about the things you like doing. If you enjoy speaking about the topic, it will be much easier for you to learn how to speak English well in a shorter amount of time. What You Need PatienceTimeWillingness to make mistakesFriends who can speak English with youBooks or internet resources in English

What Is a Good SSAT Score Understanding Your Scores

What Is a Good SSAT Score Understanding Your Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re looking at applying to a private elementary, middle, or high school, there’s a good chance you’ll need to take the SSAT first. But what is a good SSAT score? How can you get the score you need to get into the school of your dreams? Unfortunately, there's usuallynot a clear cutoff for what SSAT scores are acceptable. In this article, we'll try to remove some of that uncertaintyby going over how scoring on the SSAT works and what counts as a good SSAT score. How Does SSAT Scoring Work? On their SSAT score reports, students receive scaled section scores for Verbal, Quantitative/Math, and Reading (each of which is out of the same number of points). They'll also receive a total sum score that adds together all three of their section scores. The score range of the SSAT sections and the total sum scores differs depending on whether you've taken the elementary, middle, or upper level SSAT. Level Section Score Range Sum Score Range Elementary 300-600 900-1800 Middle 440-770 1320-2310 Upper 500-800 1500-2400 SSAT scores aren’t just straight conversions that account for number of questions answered correctly, incorrectly, and skipped on the test; instead, the tests are equated, and scores are scaled so that scores can be compared across the years. For example, a 650 on Verbal from 1980 should have been roughly as difficult to get as a 650 on Verbal was in 2017. On your score report, you'll also receive a percentile rank for each of your section scores, which is determined by how your scaled SSAT score stacks up against the scores of other students same grade/gender from US and Canada who took test for the first time in last three years. You'll also find out the range that your section scores are expected to fall in if you retook the test and your total sum score (Verbal + Quantitative + Reading). You can compare your scores to the average scores for students in your grade and, for upper level score reports, to average scores for students in your grade and of your gender. What Is the Average SSAT Score? Unfortunately, information about percentiles for the middle and upper level SSAT is only available to schools who are members of the Enrollment Management Association. If you want to learn more about what score reports for the middle and upper level test look like, you'll need to watch the SSAT's webinar on understanding the middle and upper level score report. The information for the elementary level SSAT, however, was released publicly January 2017. Below, we've pulled out the average scores for 3rd and 4th graders into one handy table: Average Scores 3rd Grade 4th Grade Verbal 471 479 Quantitative 472 469 Reading 478 478 Total Sum Score 1421 1426 If you want a detailed look at the percentiles for each score for the elementary level SSAT, the full tables are available on the SSAT website. Not that kind of table. How Do Schools Use SSAT Scores? What Is a Good SSAT Score? Schools use the scaled SSAT score and percentiles to compare you to other applicants and to judge if you’re likely to succeed in that school, based on how students currently enrolled there have done on the SSAT in the past. Admissions offices don't consider your SSAT scores in a vacuum, though - often, SSAT scores are weighed against grades and other factors. High SSAT scores and low grades in school might indicate a student is underachieving or taking more rigorous courses, while low SSAT scores but high grades in school could indicate either a hard-working student or a student who’s not taking challenging classes. Schools may also use teacher recommendations to clarify which of these categories a student falls into. So what is a good SSAT score? As the SSAT site states, what a good score is changes depending on the school you're applying to. Most schools won’t directly state specific score ranges they’re looking for. Instead, they’ll probably say something in the vein of this statement from the Riverdale admissions office: â€Å"While there is no minimum score required for entry, outlying low scores on these tests tend to be predictive of future difficulties.† Therefore, as a test-taker, you can only deal in generalities, like knowing that getting a large percentage of questions wrong (even up to 50%) is not all that unusual, but that getting an extremely low scaled score (like 1650/2400) will make it more difficult for you to get accepted. Ultimately, as the SSAT's own webinar on reading your score report states, â€Å"a good score is one that you feel best represents your ability and that it’s consistent with what you know to be true about your academic abilities.† If you don’t think your SSAT score shows who you are as a student, then it’s worth retaking it (with studying) to try to get a higher score. What's Next? Want to learn more about what's covered on the elementary, middle, and upper level tests? Then be sure to read our complete guide to the SSAT. Because SSAT scores have high reliability, your score isn’t likely to change from one testing date to another unless there’s a big change in your level of preparedness. Learn the most effective ways to study for the SSAT with this article. Looking for free materials to use for SSAT practice? We've gathered links to the best free SSAT practice tests here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussions - Assignment Example On the contrary, those with little or no self-efficacy have no control of tempting and hard situation and will hence succumb to activities such as irresponsible sexual activity and unnecessary drug use. The big question that arises is â€Å"can people with low self-efficacy be helped to improve on the same?† the answer is a big reassuring yes. Through health education programs to people especially adolescents can be helped to adequately improve their self efficacy. But exactly how can this be achieved? It is very simple; the adolescents through the health educator programs are taught to always consider the long term effects of their actions rather than just the tempting pleasurable impact of the situation at hand. In the process the adolescents are taught to always weigh immediate tempting pleasurable effects of the situation and the future devastating effects. If the future effects outweigh the effects presented in that moment in terms of risk then the adolescents should avoi d the situation but if the future benefits outweigh the present risk then they should cautiously consider other factors then undertake the activity if no other risks are involved (Bastani 67). In short the adolescent are cautioned to always think out of the box when faced with such a situation. For example through ‘one on one dialogues’ and ‘abstain from sex’ campaigns adolescents can be made aware of the impact of irresponsible sexual activities. The adolescents can be educated on the benefits of abstaining and refraining from irresponsible sex amongst themselves. Safe sexual activities such as abstaining and use of condoms can also be instilled in such adolescents in the process. Adolescents who have undergone the educator program will easily avoid irresponsible sex than those who haven’t simply because they will have the knowledge of what they are getting into (Karimzadeh 105). Number 2 Brief interventions in substance use treatment. This was the title of an article posted on www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/booksNBK64942/. The article is generally about the model used by professionals such as psychologists, nurses, social workers among others to individuals who can’t access special care or those who simply don’t want to access it. One of the brief interventions mentioned is the stages of change model. The stages of change model were credited with the success of helping smokers quit the vice. Support that involves a huge deal of motivation directed to the person who wants to deal with the substance abuse problem is vital for the model to prove successful. The first stage that was identified is where the individual gives excuses. Afterwards a new phase is arrived at where the individual admits that the drug use indeed is a problem to him or her, but he or she is not ready to quit the vice. Later, the individual enters a new phase where the individual has given a thought of trying to quit and is now preparing to do so. The n ext stage is the most important it is referred to as the action stage because it is the stage where the individual now put his or her words and intentions into action by literally halting the consumption of the drug. It mostly happens four weeks after contemplation of stopping the vice but it might sometimes even take six months. In this stage the individual should receive ample and regularly support to help cope with the withdrawal symptoms. After the action stage the individ

Reward schemes tend to be the most effective way of promoting and Essay

Reward schemes tend to be the most effective way of promoting and achieving the aims of Ecotourism, Discuss - Essay Example Consequently, it is fundamental to agree on the most suitable ecotourism strategies and approaches. Ecotourism Ecotourism involves visiting pristine, fragile and natural areas that are not distorted by humans. Ecotourism is small scale and has low environmental impacts compared to mainstream commercial tourism. It also involves responsible travelling to natural sites with an aim of preserving the surroundings and improving the welfare of the local people residing in such areas. The main purposes of ecotourism in to volunteer, learn and personal growth of the participants (United Nations Environmental Program 2011, p. 1). Additionally, it minimises the negative environmental impacts that mainstream tourism causes. It also promotes the cultural integrity of the local people. The participants in the ecotourism industry participate in recycling, conserving water, saving energy besides creating economic opportunities for the local people (Kotas 2009, p. 53). Ecotourism existed because of the prevailing problems in the tourism industry. The interest in ecotourism is the need to conserve wildlife facing extinction. There have been increased cases of invasion of natural habitats for agricultural purposes, fishing, logging and hunting. Although many countries have officially reserved areas for conservation, they lack enough funds for protecting and managing them. Consequently, several destructive activities are happening in these areas. Consequently, ecotourism is interested in restoring the values and the genetic reservoirs of vital biological resources (Buhalis 2002, p. 1). Reward scheme A reward scheme is an arrangement that an organisation provides to clients and other stakeholders in its industry aimed at encouraging them to appreciate and take part in activities that improves their welfare and community members. The focus of any reward scheme is to prioritise initiatives for customer care, initiate corporate social responsibility and strengthen communication strat egies. Principles of reward schemes A reward scheme is hard to design and run because of the many challenges that characterise its execution. The challenges include the difficulty in getting tourists to sign up and join the scheme. It is also not easy to change the behavior of tourists towards this scheme because they focus on pleasure. However, it is necessary that an organisation follow several principles to ensure the creation of a comprehensive reward scheme. Organisations reward their clients differently based on the nature of clients and the organisation (Barbera & Dutta, 2008, p. 59). The initial standard is to ensure that the rewards currency is relevant to the organisation. An organisation must ensure that the rewards are directly linked to products and services. The perspective of the tourists must be the key driving force in such a situation. The second principle is to communicate the burn instead of the earned. One of the objectives of a reward scheme is to ensure that t ourists acquire points as they purchase the products and enjoy the services of their host organisation. These points are exchanged with rewards. Most tourists are not always aware of the exact worthiness the points earned. They are only concerned with the benefits from the points. This means that communication plays a fundamental role when distinguishing and empowering the tourists (Fennel2007, p. 93). An organisation can achieve

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review - Article Example It is observed that once adults start to learn a language they easily grasp those words which are similar to their language to which they can easily relate too. For example, helicopterowhich is in Spanish and helicopter in English are cognates of each other therefore a Spanish child can easily relate to it.These are known as cross-linguistic cognates. There are also certain cognates which have the same meaning but not the same form. Cognates are easy to comprehend as an individual has a very vague idea about it and can join the dots in order to make a complete picture. "When two languages are close, learners will have access to a large number of cognate words" (Ellis, 1999). A lot of researches in the past are based on cognates and how easily one can understand them as a new language learner as compared to words which are not cognates. Cognates act like a stimuli reinforcing and making understanding easier. At times cognates can be semantically quite like each other, there can be res trictions because of grammar found in one language but not the other which can arouse problems occasionally (Odlin, 1989) . The purpose of this study was to understand whether these cognates act as a potential tool for language learning in Early Language Learners (ELL). The authors view on bilingual is that learning languages is essential and just to make it easier and comprehendible cognates are used. Learning English language is essential therefore emphasis is given on considering it as a second language. The author supports his position by providing examples from previous researches andwork done on the same content taking it a step forward. In order to understanding the effect of cognates in (ELL's) various methods were adopted such as research based questions, participation and features of the language. In this the children were allowed to determine and comprehend cognates with their own estimation independently or with certain support depending on his/her caliber. Initially the re wasn’t any drastic difference but gradually they showed improvement with cognates over noncognates. Different techniques were used such as visual and memory aid, age bar, phonological overlapping between the word and its cognate and the prior knowledge of the word. Direct strategy training was used for maximum benefit of 5th grade (ELL). Receptive and expressive help to develop the proficiency in language as well as the pathology of speech and language. Although there wasn’t any study that targeted the cognate status of language which are developing. It was observed that on cognate language of English the bilinguals performed better than the monolinguals but when it came to noncognates both were equal in performance. Statistics were used in order to show the cognate and noncognate items. It was deduced that Spanish students who were ELL did not merely benefit from L1 or L2 on test which were based on receptive vocabulary. An important issue in the methodology that a rises while using the PPVT is item difficulty. Lastly, it was investigated how fast and precisely children knowing only one language i.e. English could match Spanish words to one of the two pictures. This exercise was performed irrespective of language impairment. It was observed that phonological overlap effected performance and language impairment proved to be beneficial. Earlier nonverbal cognate effects were not considered but now

Strategic Planning Management in Tesco

Strategic Planning Management in Tesco Introduction Strategic planning is an essential process to be campaigned within, for the success of the organisation. By performing strategic planning an organisation can determine its short term as well as long term goals along with their implementation and scheme to accomplish them. Strategic planning defines strategy, direction, and strength towards the external as well as internal challenges faced by the organisation. It suggests resources and serving allocations, so strategic planning is one of the important liabilities of management. Performing strategic management leads to the answers of following three questions. Where the organisation does stand? What are the goals to be achieved? Financial Brand name How the goals can be accomplishment? Strategic planning and business planning are the basic requirement to be executed by the management members, the former is related to entire organisation while the latter is relate to an individual product or service. Several strategic planning models have been introduces along with the approaches that are used for the welfare of the organisation. The development of a plan is dependent on factors such as culture of organisation, threats to the organisation, structure of the organisation, skilfulness of plan developer. The plan may be of one year or may be of ten years, depending upon the planner and the activities involved in the plan. More the details are included lengthier the plan would be and clear the goals would be. Process of the plan is more important than former sketching of Strategic planning, threats to the organisation, or its current financial status. A good planner emphasize on excelling the organisation rather than victory over competitors. Several organisations view t his process of determining the standpoint of organisation over next years, to forecast they need to know the current status of the organisation and the place where they see the organisation in coming years, this plotting of the direction can be referred as the Strategic Planning. Although over the period of time, each long term strategic plans needs monitoring and modifications. As the plans are made on the basis of assumption of the external and internal environment of the organisation, everything goes well until the prediction turns to be right. Tesco plc. is an internationally recognised organisation, the company was established in 1929 in Middlesex, U.K.. Today the 3rd largest retailer and the 2nd largest profit earning organisation amongst millions of business is Tesco plc. Across the world; this organisation is serving 13 major countries i.e. 32 stores in Malaysia, 81 in Slovakia, 88 in China, 105 in Turkey, 119 in Ireland, 136 in Czech Republic, 142 in Japan, 145 in U.S.A., 176 in Hungary, 305 in South Korea, 336 in Poland, 663 in Thailand, and in United Kingdom the number of stores are more than the numbers of Tesco stores in rest of the countries i.e. 2482 stores. Since Tesco has reached to such heights analysis on strategic planning would be best understood by looking into strategy followed by Tesco plc. Essential Planning Components: Principles, Theories and Tools. The main activity of the organisation is retailing and finance services, finance services such as banking, insurance services and retailing services such as online shopping form television, internet etc. Tesco has reached such heights by applying strategic planning with keen knowledge of its principles and theories. The principles of Strategic planning are Strategic planning serves the foundation of management process. Plans are sort of guidelines to the company for figuring out the financial resources and non-financial resources. Stakeholders play an important role for execution and progress of the plan. Active members of stakeholder will add the strength to the process effectiveness. Performance of an organisation is calculable so a clear strategy leads to accomplish practice goals As the market condition cannot be controlled so its difficult to predict the future environment and as the organisation is dependent on external environment, the plan cannot be exactly designed and few changes may be made in future as required. As the organisation reaches the expected state again the planning is made for the next few years, dew to this characteristic of organisation planning is persistent throughout the life of the organisation. Stakeholders reviews are essential aspect of the planning process, collecting review make out the contribution and commitment of the staff toward the mission and vision of the organisation. These principles are essential to planning process; integrating principles in a strategic planning process may not lead to success but overlooking these principles may cause a failure. A Marketing Plan for Tesco plc. Marketing planning is a process to determine the requirements of customer and a route to fulfil coming requirement, this is done to increase the sales of the product or service provided by the organisation. The diagram below depicts the scheme to increase marketing strategy of Tesco plc. The aim of this marketing strategy is to improve turn a profit and performance of the firm. Examine current market position: Here Tesco must analyse the present position and stand in the market and sketch them. Determine targeted market: Determine where the management wants to be in coming years. Conclude marketing Objectives: Planner may then set achievable goals to be achieved in certain time duration. Choose suitable marketing mix: What scheme should Tesco follow; to achieve determined goals will be chosen in this phase. Develop plan of action: This phase starts to generate the environment to initiate the plan. Implement marketing program: Now Tesco would turn words into action, the journey to achieve determined goals start in this phase. Establish control: The management determines role of each element and intensity of the force applied by the implementation of plan. Implement control: The figured out control over the plan is than implemented. Practising this strategic marketing management, Tesco can plan and implement the marketing goals and achieve the customer satisfaction Role of Stakeholders in Tesco Stakeholders exert a broad range of liability in an organisation; they may be a single person or a group of peoples interested in an organisation. A large amount of weightage is held by the stakeholders on the final consequence of the plan. Stakeholders comprises; shareholders of the company, management members in an organisation, employee or staff of the organisation, businesses supplying services to the organisation, clients who consumes the services or product of the organisation, the local society and the government. Analysing individuals, Stakeholders may be considered as members who are affected by or who may affect the performance and the objectives of an organisation. Lager the organisation is wider the range of stakeholders are. Stakeholders may be classified into several categories Internal and External Narrow and wide Primary and Secondary Active and Passive Internal and external stakeholders are above board differentiated, they are one inside and outside the organisation, internal stakeholders includes staff and management of the organisation, whereas external stakeholders includes customers, businesses providing services to the organisation, the business providing same products or services i.e. competitors and many more. Narrow Stakeholders are those who are affected by the achievements of the organisations such as management and staff, in other words who are dependent on the organisation. Wide stakeholders are those who are affected to a lesser extent such as government, customers with choice of investment to a product etc. Primary stakeholders are those whose participation in the organisation is very important and the survival without them in market is not possible on the other hand secondary stakeholders are those; on whom organisation is dependent to a lesser extent. Active stakeholders are one who monitors and participates directly in an organisation, this does not mean that management and employee always fall in this category, sometimes external bodies fall in this category and internal stakeholders fail to participate in this group. Whilst passive stakeholders are one who does not participate actively in the organisation such as usually role played by shareholders and government towards an organisation. There are many more categories defined by the scholars and researchers on management, such as voluntary stakeholders and involuntary stakeholders, legitimate stakeholders and illegitimate stakeholders, recognised and unrecognised stakeholders and so on. Needs and Expectations of stakeholders in an organisational process Strategic planning emphasises on surrounding of the organisation, the available resources internal and external to the organisation and the potentiality towards the environment. These inputs are not sufficient for the implementation of a plan, as stakeholders have an influence on companies output, a complete research should be made on them. Strategic planning also depends upon the vision of stakeholders. The process starts from Identifying stakeholders who are interested in the organisation, since each party may have different prospects for organisation it is essential for the firm to recognise the and make them realise how important they are to the venture. Then comes the stage of mapping of stakeholders which comprises of determining the expectations of the stakeholders, exercising this establishes policy-making and their priorities. Expectancy assesses two subjects; How much interested the stakeholders are? Do they have the ability to lead the company to determined height? The power/ interest Matrix determine; to which groups of stakeholders should organisation show their interest in. the matrix classifies stakeholders in context of their power and the interest in organisational strategy, this makes easy for the organisation to determine what relation should be maintained with which group?. Intrinsically, this analysis is practicable to know the difficulties and ease of the society in a strategy. It also depicts the proportions of strategic change. Mission and Vision: Tesco plc. Mission statement is that statement which defines about reason behind the existence of the organisation. The aim of an organisation can be determined by the mission statement. Key points and the achievements to be conquered are can be jotted into mission statement. Basically, mission statement is plotted to make the business plans understood by the stakeholders of the company. Since mission statement carries such details of the business it can be said that a mission statement is a base of the organisation. A mission statement should be represented in such a way that it is easy to understand the motto of the firm. It should depict the principles and ethics of a company along with the process of conducting work. Organisation faces ups and downs in the life span of the firm, organisation changes its strategy of planning, marketing and several aspects but the mission of the organisation never changes. The mission of the organisation should be revised in certain time duration so that mana gement can determine that if they are not losing the track. The language used in mission statement should be that easy to be understood by ordinary man. Vision statement is a statement that reflects the state where an organisation seeks itself in coming years. Vision statement depicts the idea, dreams and thoughts of an organisation represented in such a way that employee gets motivated and attracts customers. The ethics and values of an organisation are reflected from a vision statement, the vision statement is accomplished after the determination of mission statement. Vision statement is represented in such a way that it motivates not only employee but also to the customers so as to maintain a long term relation with them. The basic difference between a mission and a vision statement is that vision statement targets on companies value in future whereas the mission statement is one that represents the current status of an organisation. Mission statement is more precise about the present condition in an organisation. Values and objectives of Tesco Tescos main aim is to generate values for customers so as to earn a lifetime loyalty. Tesco believes that its success depends on those people who shops with us and one who works with us. Tesco believes if it serves well to a customer it is more likely that the customer will come back and shop again.

The Ice Storm Essay -- essays research papers

It is 1973. New Canaan, Connecticut is a prototypical 'bedroom'; community. Modern homes, clean, quiet streets and plenty of greenspace lend an air of contentment to the setting. However, behind the doors of these homes discontent and ennui are thriving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  '…affluent Americans increasingly clustered in suburban areas, where jobs for women were limited and domestic help was in short supply. Husbands were away from home longer because they had to commute to work, leaving the wives to bear the complete responsibility for the family…The American dream of affluence in a natural, bucolic setting away from urban squalor often made it impossible for women to be anything other than housewives and mothers.'; i. The Ice Storm focuses on two families, the Hoods and the Carvers. Ben Hood, (Kevin Kline), is the aptly-named, self-absorbed patriarch of his family moving through life believing all that matters is what he sees in front of him; his wife, Elena (Joan Allen) is his quietly despairing mate and mother of Paul (Tobey Maguire) and Wendy (Christina Ricci). Jim Carver (Jamey Sheridan) is an enterprising man, who is seldom home long enough to attend to the needs of his wife Jane (Sigourney Weaver) and their two sons Mike (Elijah Wood) and Sandy (Adam Hann-Byrd). These families are linked by relationships, superficially neighborly, but in fact more visceral than they are prepared to admit to even themselves. It takes an outside force, the ice storm, to force them to come to grips with the realities of their lives, both individually and as families. 'The majority of the past and present studies of martial discontent decisively show that non-working married women are much more prone to anxiety, depression, and mental breakdowns than married men, married working women, or single women.'; ii. Elena Hood and Jane Carver are stereotypical suburban wives. Jane is portrayed as a sexual person, her first three appearances show her cleaning spilt wine from Ben Hood's crotch, the next two in bed. She dresses provocatively, in fur, boots, and bangles, her long hair flowing about her shoulders. Elena is shown as a domestic, spending most of the film in the kitchen. Though she is a beautiful, vivacious woman, she locks her emotions away beneath her suburban spousal exterior. She is the prototypical housewife. Both women have husba... ...eir lives learning them. During the Depression and World War II, 'women's work'; became much more than tasks performed at home. The 'go where you want to go, do what you want to do'; mantra of the '60s showed women who felt there was more to life than domesticity that their urge to be 'of the world'; was a viable goal. They wanted, rightly, to be included in the power structure. The obstacle to this end was the existing male-dominated power elite. Men, who through upbringing and experience believed that their position of control was pre-ordained, were too busy convincing themselves and each other of their rectitude to listen to what women wanted. Wendy Carver is a product of all this, a girl blossoming into womanhood, and a person with strong opinions to express. She, in many ways, defines the burgeoning power women felt in their grasp in 1973. They yearned to be part of the great decision-making processes affecting their world. Their perspective, they knew, was vital to making t he necessary changes to the 'boys' club'; mentality that had bred the wars, embargos and political chicanery that plagued America in the early 70s. The world was changing, and it was time to talk about it.